Digital Microscopy
Research in LIVE into the microscale has been enduring and particularly preroductive. LIVE research has explored numerous microscope modalities, including early research on laser scanning confocal microscopy, optical serial sectioning microscopy, stereo microscopy, electrochemical microscopy, electron microscopy, Raman microscopy, fluorescent microscopy, and dermoscopy. LIVE has pioneered the use of image analysis and computer vision techniques in many of these modalities, including the first work on shape change analysis of confocal images, the first work on automated stereo microscopic reconstruction, a geometric theory of information loss in optical serial sectioning microscopy, along with numerous key applications. Some of the key papers follow:
F. Macías-Garza, A.C. Bovik and K.R. Diller, “Missing cone of frequencies and low-pass distortion in 3-D microscopic images,” Optical Engineering, vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 461-465, June 1988.
F. Macías-Garza, A.C. Bovik, K.R. Diller, S.J. Aggarwal and J.K. Aggarwal, “Digital reconstruction of three-dimensional serially sectioned optical images,” IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. ASSP-36, no. 7, pp. 1067-1075, July 1988.
N.H. Kim, S.J. Aggarwal, A.C. Bovik, K.R. Diller and J.K. Aggarwal, “Stereoscopic analysis of shape changes in solanum tuberosa slices under osmotic shock,” European Journal of Cell Biology, vol. 48, pp. 21-24, 1989.
F. Macías-Garza, K.R. Diller, A.C. Bovik, S.J. Aggarwal and J.K. Aggarwal, “Improvement in the resolution of 3D data sets collected using optical serial sectioning,” Journal of Microscopy, Special Issue on 3-D Microscopy, vol. 153, no. 2, pp. 205-221, February 1989.
F. Macías-Garza, K.R. Diller, A.C. Bovik, S.J. Aggarwal and J.K. Aggarwal, “Obtaining a solid model from optical serial sections,” Pattern Recognition, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 577-586, 1989.
N.H. Kim, A.C. Bovik and S.J. Aggarwal, “Shape description of biological objects via stereo light microscopy,” IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, vol. SMC-20, no. 2, pp. 475-489, March/April 1990.
N.H. Kim, S.J. Aggarwal, A.C. Bovik and K.R. Diller, “3-D model of vascular network in rat skin obtained by stereo vision techniques,” Journal of Microscopy, Special Issue on 3-D Microscopy, vol. 154, no. 4, pp. 275-284, May 1990.
C.Y.J. Yip, S.J. Aggarwal, K.R. Diller and A.C. Bovik, “Multiple sites arteriolar vasomotion measurement using digital image analysis,” Microvascular Research, vol. 41, pp. 73-83, 1991.
C. Lee, D.O. Wipf, A.J. Bard, K.A. Bartels and A.C. Bovik, “Scanning electrochemical microscopy. 11. Improvement of image resolution by digital processing techniques,” Analytic Chemistry, vol. 63, no. 21, pp. 2442-2447, November 1991.
A.C. Bovik, “Three-dimensional microscopy,” Machine Vision and Applications, volume 4, no. 4, pp. 211-213, Fall 1991.
K.A. Bartels, R.H. Crawford, S. Das, S. Guduri, A.C. Bovik, K.R. Diller and S.J. Aggarwal, “Fabricating macroscopic solid models of microscopic data by selective laser sintering,” Journal of Microscopy, Special Issue on 3-D Microscopy, vol. 169, no. 3, pp. 383-389, March 1993.
F.A. Merchant, S.J. Aggarwal, K.R. Diller, K.A. Bartels, and A.C. Bovik, “3-D distribution of damaged cells in cryopreserved pancreatic islets as determined by laser scanning confocal microscopy,” Journal of Microscopy, Special Issue on 3-D Microscopy, vol. 169, no. 3, pp. 329-338, March 1993.
K.A. Bartels, A.C. Bovik, S.J. Aggarwal and K.R. Diller, “The analysis of biological shape changes from multi-dimensional dynamic images,” Journal of Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 89-99, May 1993.
F.A. Merchant, S.J. Aggarwal, K.R. Diller and A.C. Bovik, “In vivo analysis of angiogenesis and revascularization of transplanted pancreatic islets using confocal microscopy,” Journal of Microscopy, Special Issue on 3-D Microscopy, vol. 176, no. 3, pp. 262-275, December 1994.
F.A. Merchant, S.J. Aggarwal, K.R. Diller and A.C. Bovik, “Viability analysis of cryopreserved rat pancreas islets using laser scanning confocal microscopy,” Cryobiology, vol. 33, pp. 236-252, 1996.
F.A. Merchant, K.R. Diller, S.J. Aggarwal, and A.C. Bovik, “Angiogenesis in cultured and cryopreserved pancreatic islet grafts,” Transplantation, vol. 63, no. 11, pp. 1652-1660, June 1997.
M. Pattichis, C. Pattichis, M. Avraam, A.C. Bovik and K. Kyriacou “AM-FM texture segmentation in electron microscopic muscle imaging,” IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, vol. 19, no. 12, pp. 1253-1258, December 2000.
J. Ling and A.C. Bovik, “Smoothing low SNR molecular images via anisotropic median- diffusion,” IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 377-384, April 2002.
J. Ling, S.D. Weitman, M.A. Miller, R.V. Moore and A.C. Bovik, "Direct raman imaging techniques for studying the subcellular distribution of a drug", Applied Optics, vol. 41, no. 28, pp. 6006-6017, October 2002.
M.P. Sampat, A.C. Bovik, J.K. Aggarwal and K.R. Castleman, “Supervised parametric and non-parametric classification of M-FISH chromosome images,” Pattern Recognition, vol. 38, pp. 1209-1223, 2005.
B.L. Luck, K. Carlson, A.C. Bovik and R.R. Richards-Kortum, “An image model and segmentation algorithm for reflectance confocal images of in vivo cervical tissue,” IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, Special Issue on Molecular and Cellular Bioimaging, vol. 14, no. 9, pp. 1265-1276, September 2005.
W.C. Schwartzkopf, A.C. Bovik and B.L. Evans, “Maximum likelihood techniques for joint segmentation-classification of multi-spectral chromosome images,” IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, vol. 14, no. 12, pp. 1593-1610, December 2005.
H. Choi, A.C. Bovik and K.R. Castleman, “Feature normalization via expectation maximization and unsupervised nonparametric classification for M-FISH chromosome images,” IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, vol. 27, no. 8, pp. 1107-1119, August 2008.
H. Choi, K.R. Castleman and A.C. Bovik, “Color compensation of multi-color FISH images,” IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 129-136, January 2009. 3
F. Xie and A.C. Bovik, “Automatic segmentation of dermoscopy images using self- generating neural networks seeded by genetic algorithm,” Pattern Recognition, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 1012-1019, March 2013.
S.K. Gokce, S.X. Guo, N. Ghorashian, W.N. Everett, T. Jarrell, A. Kottek, A.C. Bovik and A. Ben-Yakar, “A fully automated microfluidic femtosecond laser axotomy platform for nerve regeneration studies in C. elegens,” PLOS ONE, vol. 9, no. 12, pp. 1-28, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0113917, December 2014.
F. Xie, H. Fan, Y. Li, Z. Jiang, R. Meng and A.C. Bovik, “Melanoma classification on dermoscopy images using a neural network ensemble model,” IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 849-858, March 2017.